Informatics Publishing Limited

Kartick K. Samanta , T. N. Gayatri ¹, A. H. Shaikh ¹, S. Saxena ¹, A. Arputharaj ¹, S. Basak ¹, S. K. Chattopadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai - 400019, IN

Abstract

Plasma, an ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, photos, UV radiation and neutral active species, can be used for nano-scale surface modification of textile substrates without using water. Among the various types of plasma, only atmospheric pressure cold plasma (non-thermal plasma) is suitable for surface modification of heat sensitive textile substrates in a continuous manner. Atmospheric pressure cold plasma was generated in the presence of helium-oxygen (He/O2) mixture and cotton fabric was plasma treated for 30 s to 4 min. Upon ionization, helium (He) emits photons at wavelengths of 706 nm, 667 nm, 587 nm, 727.5 nm and oxygen at 776 nm and 844 nm. After plasma treatment, cotton became more hydrophilic due to generation of hydrophilic groups resulting better water wicking. Plasma treatment increases the surface crystalline index (CI) from 1.09 in the untreated sample to 1.65 in the 2 min He/O2 plasma treated sample. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed etching of fibre surfaces. In the 2 min and 4 min He/O2 plasma treated samples, there was an improvement in colour value in terms of K/S, a and c. Surface crystalline index (CI), numbers of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups play an important role in colouration of cellulosic textile using reactive dye.

Keywords

Plasma, Cotton, Textile, Colouration, Water Pollution

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M. Das ¹, S. Basak ², Kartick K. Samanta ², S. K. Chattopadhyay ², S. Das ², P. Pandit ³

Affiliations
1 National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), New Delhi, IN
2 Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, IN
3 Department of Fibres and Textile processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Matunga, Mumbai – 400 019, IN

Abstract

Silk is the queen of all the fibres and is well known for its fashionable lusture, softer handle and aesthetic value. The fibre is mostly used for producing elegant sarees with intricate designs by the fashion and textile designer expert. Here an attempt has been made to provide comprehensive review covering most of the industrial technical aspects of chemical processing of silk hanks. Variety of silk yarns used in the industry is written. Besides degumming and bleaching process of different quality silk hanks are mentioned in detail. With the addition of it different practical problems arised in the silk degumming also have been discussed. Along with all the mentioned problems probable solutions are also discussed and reported. Dyeing process and dyestuffs used for dyeing of silk hanks are elaborately reported with criticality and special properties of particular dyes. At the end of the paper practical problems of industrial silk dyeing are discussed with probable technical and managerial remedies.

Keywords

Silk, Hanks, Degumming, Bleaching, Dyeing

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S. Das ¹, M. Bhowmick ², S. K. Chattopadhyay ², S. Basak ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (ICAR), Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, IN
2 Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (ICAR), Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019

Abstract

Nature has created excellent technologies around us, and as such, it is the chief mentor to humans on creativity and technology development. Nature uses fibre as a building block - natural structures like wood, bamboo, bone, muscle, etc. all have fibrous structure. Fibre spinning and weaving technologies are available in nature since time immemorial. Nature has also demonstrated sophisticated technologies useful in the development of technical textiles like functional surfaces, camouflage, structural colour, thermal insulation, dry-adhesion, etc. Thus, biomimicry can be an inspiration to develop innovative textiles. This article reviews some of the important technologies of nature relating to textiles.

Keywords

Biomimicry, fibres, spinning, textiles, weaving.

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S. Basak ¹, Kartick K. Samanta ¹, S. K. Chattopadhyay ¹, R. Narkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, IN

Abstract

Flame retardancy was imparted to ligno-cellulosic jute textiles using banana pseudostem sap (BPS), an eco-friendly natural by-product obtained during the extraction of fibres from the banana pseudostem. The extracted sap was made alkaline and applied to a pre-mordanted Greige fabric. The flame-retardant properties of both the control and treated fabrics were analysed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability, and the total heat of combustion. The treated jute fabrics showed a far better flame-retardant property compared to the control fabric. By 1.9 times increase in the LOI after application of the alkaline BPS, the treated fabric (1 : 4) showed no flame and got self-extinguished within a minute. Based on thermal degradation, pyrolysis and dehydration studies, and analysis of the chemical composition of the flame-retardant finish prepared from the BPS, the mechanism of imparting flame retardancy to jute textiles has been postulated. The imparted finish was found semi-durable in soap wash, and did not cause any significant loss in tensile and tear strength of the fabric.

Keywords

Banana Pseudostem Sap, Flame Retardancy, Jute Fabric, Ligno-Cellulose, Pyrolysis.

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S. Basak ¹, U. B. Roychowdhury ², C. Datta ³

Affiliations
1 Dept of Forensic and State Medicine, IPGMER, 244, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, IN
2 Dept of Forensic and State Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER)
3 Senior Lecturer, Dept of Polymer Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, IN

Abstract

The word Surrogate is derived from the latin Subrogare means to substitute. The procedure of surrogacy is the Brain Child of ART or Assisted Reproductive Techniques which is considered as one of the bless of modem technological advancement that has given smiles to the faces of many infertile couples.

According to this technique, a surrogate mother is a woman agreeing to have an embryo generated from the sperm of a man who is not her husband and the oocyte of another woman implanted in her womb to carry the pregnancy to full term and deliver the child to its biological parents.

Unfortunately the curtain raising incidence that produced much hue and cry among the social activists about the necessity of this procedure is the delivery of a surrogate baby at Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata on 25th of Sept'2008, where contrary to the guidelines given in the Surrogate Bill to be passed by the Parliament, the surrogate mother was a 46 years old Indian woman who was provided with Rs.3000/- per month as maintenance charge during pregnancy and Rs.3 lakhs on successful delivery of the baby and handing it over to the biological parents who were US citizens. Thus came into view out of a sudden oblivion about a nexus of Medical Tourism and surrogacy, spreading rapidly in the whole society in the name of technological advancement.

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S. Basak ¹, U. B. Roychowdhury ¹, A. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 IPGMR&R, Kolkata, IN

Abstract

This article is about one of the most toxic herbicide, the Paraquat, in the beverage Cola which resembles it in appearance. Although the sale of cola has been banned in some areas eg. in Kerala of India by a Government Order No. (Rt)No. 2396/06/II&FWD dated 10.08.2006 because of its residues of organochlorine pesticides like Chloropyrophos and Malathion, one of the most dangerous quarternary ammonium compound, the Paraquat that resembles cola has not been much mentioned. The cola is a carbonated soU drink sold in stores throughout the world after its recipe was first invented by John Pemberton originally in the name of coca wine in 1885. He intended it as a patent medicine but the patent was bought out by a businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led this cola to its dominance of the world of soft drink market throughout the 20^th and now the 21^st century. In acute toxicity studies using laboratory animals, Paraquat has been shown to be highly toxic by the inhalation route and has been placed in Toxicity Category I (the highest of four levels). However the p]PA has determined that particles used in agricultural practices (400-800 nanomicron) are well beyond the respirable range. It shows category II toxicity in the oral route and moderately toxic that is category III by the dermal route. Paraquat will cause moderate to severe eye irritation and minimal dermal irritation, and has been placed in toxicity categories II and IV (slightly toxic) for these effects.

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U. B. Roychowdhury ¹, S. Basak ², B. Sukul ³, M. Pal ⁴

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic and State Medicine, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata- 700 020, IN
2 Dept. of Forensic and State Medicine, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, IN
3 Dept. of Forensic and State Medicine, N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata, IN
4 Dept. of Pathology, Midnapore Medical College, Paschim Mediuipur, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

In contemporary criminology, with the advent of Criminal Profiling, criminal investigative procedure has changed dramatically. Various theories and methodologies of criminal profiling have been proposed e.g., FBI's Crime Scene Analysis, Brent Turve^s Behavioral Evidence Analysis, Canter's Profiling Technique etc. It is certain that in near fiiture, Criminal Profiling will play a decisive role in modem criminal investigation.

Keywords

criminal profiling, crime, behaviour, victim.

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U. B. Roychowdhury ¹, S. Basak ¹, A. K. Gupta ¹, M. Pal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Re­search, 244 A .J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata-20 W.B., IN
2 Department of Pathology, Midnapore Medical College, Paschim Medinipur, W.B., IN

Abstract

During the last few years, modern cross-sectional imaging techniques have appeared in Forensic Medicine. M agnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and M ultislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) are increasingly implemented in Post-mortem examination. These non-invasive techniques can augment and even partially replace traditional autopsy. With the use of these methods, a minimally invasive, objective and investigator-independent documentation of forensic cases can be realised to reach qualitative improvement in forensic pathological investigation.

Keywords

Virtual Autopsy, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging.

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